Electrophysiology Lab

Protocol for Implantable Cardiac Devices in the Setting of MRI

These documents describe an IRB-approved research study and clinical safety workflow that allows patients with pacemakers/ICDs (CIEDs) to undergo clinically indicated MRI with standardized monitoring, device programming, and follow-up, while…

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Atrial Fibrillation Convergent Hybrid Ablation: Patient Education Overview

This patient-facing educational resource explains the Convergent Hybrid Ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation, a two-stage treatment option designed for patients with persistent or long-standing AF who continue to have symptoms…

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Anesthesia Checklist for EP Procedures

The Anesthesia Checklist for EP Procedures provides a structured and safe approach for anesthesia management during electrophysiology (EP) procedures.

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EP Lab Efficiencies

To ensure optimal care and outcomes for patients with atrial fibrillation, hospitals and electrophysiologists will need to take a systems-based approach to EP lab efficiency, focused on standardizing processes while…

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Bladder Management Workflow for Ablation Patients from the EP Lab

Workflows: In collaboration with Anesthesia, Urology, PACU and EP, here is the bladder management workflow for ablation patients from the EP Lab.

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EPS/Ablation Coordination Checklist

Checklists: Checklist for care coordination for EPS/Ablation.

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AF Same Day Discharge Checklist

Checklists: Checklist to use when discharging and AFib patient same day.

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A worldwide survey on incidence, management, and prognosis of oesophageal fistula formation following atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the POTTER-AF study

Data/Registries: Aims: Oesophageal fistula represents a rare but dreadful complication of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Data on its incidence, management, and outcome are sparse. Methods and results: This international multicentre registry investigates the characteristics of oesophageal fistulae after treatment of atrial fibrillation by catheter ablation. A total of 553 729 catheter ablation procedures (radiofrequency: 62.9%, cryoballoon: 36.2%, other modalities: 0.9%) were performed, at 214 centres in 35 countries. In 78 centres 138 patients [0.025%, radiofrequency: 0.038%, cryoballoon: 0.0015% (P < 0.0001)] were diagnosed with an oesophageal fistula. Peri-procedural data were available for 118 patients (85.5%). Following catheter ablation, the median time to symptoms and the median time to diagnosis were 18 (7.75, 25; range: 0–60) days and 21 (15, 29.5; range: 2–63) days, respectively. The median time from symptom onset to oesophageal fistula diagnosis was 3 (1, 9; range: 0–42) days. The most common initial symptom was fever (59.3%). The diagnosis was established by chest computed tomography in 80.2% of patients. Oesophageal surgery was performed in 47.4% and direct endoscopic treatment in 19.8% and conservative treatment in 32.8% of patients. The overall mortality was 65.8%. Mortality following surgical (51.9%) or endoscopic treatment (56.5%) was significantly lower as compared to conservative management (89.5%) [odds ratio 7.463 (2.414, 23.072) P < 0.001]. Conclusion: Oesophageal fistula after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is rare and occurs mostly with the use of radiofrequency energyrather than cryoenergy. Mortality without surgical or endoscopic intervention is exceedingly high.

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Three-Year Clinical Outcome After 2nd-Generation Cryoballoon-Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation for the Treatment of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation – A 2-Center Experience

Journal Articles: Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the 2nd-generation cryoballoon (CB2) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has demonstrated encouraging acute and mid-term results. However, follow-up data on outcomes beyond 1 year are sparse. We investigated the 3-year outcome after PVI using the CB2. Methods and Results: 100 patients with paroxysmal (PAF, 70/100 [70%] patients) or persistent AF (pAF, 30/100 [30%] patients) underwent CB2-based PVI in 2 experienced centers in Germany. Freeze-cycle duration was 240 s. After successful PVI a bonus freeze-cycle of the same duration was applied in the first 71 patients but was omitted in the following 29 patients. Phrenic nerve palsy occurred in 3 patients (3%); 2 patients were lost to follow-up. After a median follow-up of 38 (29–50) months, 59/98 (60.2%) patients remained in stable sinus rhythm (PAF: 48/70 (69%), pAF: 11/28 (39%) P=0.0084). In 32/39 (77%) patients with arrhythmia recurrence, a second ablation procedure using radiofrequency energy was conducted. Persistent PVI was noted in 76/125 (61%) PVs. After a mean of 1.37±0.6 procedures and a median follow-up of 35 (25–39) months, 77/98 (78.6%) patients remained in stable sinus rhythm (PAF: 56/70 (80%), pAF: 20/28 (71%), P=0.0276). Conclusions: CB2-based PVI resulted in a 60.2% single-procedure and a 78.6% multiple-procedure success rate after 3 years. Repeat procedures demonstrated a high rate of durable PVI.

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Left Atrial Appendage Isolation in Patients Not Responding to Pulmonary Vein Isolation – Benefit and Risks

Journal Articles: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective strategy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).1 However, in patients with persistent AF and long-standing persistent AF, PVI is associated with limited success, with patients not responding to PVI.2 Recently, the BELIEF trial (Effect of Empirical Left Atrial Appendage Isolation on Long-term Procedure Outcome in Patients With Persistent or Longstanding Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Catheter Ablation) showed that an electric isolation of the left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA) in addition to PVI could increase clinical success.3 Although potentially effective, this strategy causes electromechanical dissociation of the LAA and was assumed to be associated with increased risk for LAA thrombus and thromboembolism.4 We sought to investigate the incidence of LAA thrombus and thromboembolism and the impact of LAA closure on the prevention of thromboembolic events, in addition to the clinical benefit after left atrial appendage isolation (LAAI).

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